NAD⁺

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every living cell, where it shifts back and forth between two forms (NAD+ and NADH) to help shuttle energy around. It is best known in longevity and metabolism research, and what makes it stand out is its central role in how cells turn fuel into energy.

It sits on a solid research base, with work exploring how its levels tie into cellular metabolism and the aging process (Chini et al., 2021, Cell Metabolism). That makes it a common reference compound in this kind of study.

Research Applications

• Longevity and aging research
• Mitochondrial-pathway research
• Redox and metabolism studies
• Cellular energy research

Supplied as a lyophilized powder for stability.

See also: SS-31, MOTS-c, and Glutathione.

Scientific Background

NAD⁺ has been studied for over a century as a universal metabolic cofactor. Early research established its role as an electron acceptor and donor in core catabolic pathways, while later investigations expanded its function beyond bioenergetics into cellular-response signaling, stress resistance, and longevity biology.

Intracellular NAD⁺ is dynamically regulated through de novo biosynthesis, the salvage pathway, and consumption by NAD⁺-dependent enzymes. Age, metabolic stress, inflammatory signaling, and DNA damage are each associated with accelerated NAD⁺ depletion, while exercise and caloric restriction are linked to elevated NAD⁺ turnover.

This positioning of NAD⁺ at the intersection of metabolism, gene regulation, and stress biology has made it a molecule of considerable interest in laboratory investigations of energy homeostasis, neurodegenerative-pathway models, and aging research.

Compound Class: Pyridine nucleotide coenzyme
IUPAC Name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)
Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
Molecular Weight: ~663.4 g/mol
CAS Number: 53-84-9
PubChem CID: 5892
Synonyms: β-NAD, coenzyme I, nadide, diphosphopyridine nucleotide

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